
What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a bacterial infection that affects the gums and surrounding tissues of the teeth. It begins as gingivitis, characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, which can cause tooth loss and damage to the bone that supports your teeth.
Common Symptoms of Gum Disease
Gum disease often goes unnoticed in its early stages. However, there are some common symptoms to look out for, including:
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bleeding gums, especially when brushing or flossing
- Persistent bad breath
- Receding gums
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Pus between the gums and teeth
If you notice any of these symptoms, it's essential to visit your dentist for an evaluation and treatment.
Causes of Gum Disease
Several factors contribute to the development of gum disease:
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Not brushing and flossing regularly allows plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, to build up on your teeth and gums.
- Smoking: Tobacco use is one of the leading risk factors for gum disease and can make treatment less effective.
- Genetics: Some people are more susceptible to gum disease due to their genetic makeup.
- Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing gum disease because high blood sugar levels can weaken the body's immune response.
How Gum Disease Is Treated
The treatment for gum disease depends on its severity. In the early stages, a professional cleaning known as scaling and root planing may be sufficient to remove plaque and tartar from below the gumline. For more advanced cases, additional procedures such as flap surgery, bone grafts, or tissue regeneration may be necessary to restore damaged tissues.
Preventing Gum Disease
Preventing gum disease starts with good oral hygiene habits. Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, floss daily, and visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and check-ups. Avoid smoking or using tobacco products, and manage any underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, that could increase your risk.